Sophocles Oedipus The Most Brilliant And Creative...

Sophocles play â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannus† is an enigma. His play includes incest, murder and self-enlightenment all leading into the main theme of fate. Athenians believed that fate is not left up to man, but that is provided solely on the whims of the gods. Because of his dramatic approach to his plays Sophocles was considered one of the most brilliant and creative writers of his time. Sophocles’ play â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannus† is about how Athenians view their gods and their fate. Athenians believed that their fate was not left up to man, but that is provided solely on the whims their gods. The interesting aspect of this story is not that one believes that fate is real but that fate can be changed by not following the predictions of the oracle (seer/mediator for the god. If fate does take place for whatever reason than one took the wrong step in changing it. Oedipus was informed by an oracle that he would be the one to murder his father and marry his mother. It is important to know that Oedipus is a descendant of the first King of Thebes and because of this several of his relatives have met tragic deaths by taking unwarranted actions into their own hands. Before Oedipus was born his father Laius was told by the same oracle not to have any children by his wife Jocasta which he did anyway. This was not a situation that originated with Oedipus; it seems that this type of fate is destined to be intertwined in this family’s bloodline. According to an article written by Leigh T.Show MoreRelated Matthew Arnold versus Aristotles Poetics Essay examples3833 Words   |  16 PagesThe value of imitation: a vision of Aristotles Poetics Aristotle wrote his Poetics thousands of years before Matthew Arnolds birth. His reasons for composing it were different from Arnolds reasons for using it as an element of his own poetic criticism. We can safely say that Arnold was inclined to use the Poetics as an inspiration for his own poetry, and as a cultural weapon in the fight for artistic and social renewal. Aristotle, by contrast, was more concerned with discovering general truthsRead MoreSimilarities and Dissimilarities Between Shelley and Keats6975 Words   |  28 Pagesas a sort of supreme metaphor for beauty, creativity, and expression. This means that most of Shelleys poems about art rely on metaphors of nature as their means of expression: the West Wind in Ode to the West Wind becomes a symbol of the poetic faculty spreading Shelleys words like leaves among mankind, and the skylark in To a Skylark becomes a symbol of the purest, most joyful, and most inspired creative impulse. The skylark is not a bird, it is a poet h idden. John Keats: Keats’s sentimentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManaging Stress 106 Stress Management Assessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with Stress 115 Managing Stress 117 Stressors 117 Eliminating Stressors 120 Eliminating Time Stressors Through Time Management 121 Eliminating Encounter Stressors Through

Conflict Management Free Essays

If a conflict should arise over the course of the team project, Group 4 has agreed to mitigate the conflict as soon as possible. Based on the situation of the conflict, whether It Is personal or technical for example, the team will come together and discuss the situation. Once all details of the conflict are known, the team will determine the best way to address the conflict by a majority rules team vote. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now After a decision is made it will take effect immediately to address the conflict. Note: All conflicts and decisions will be thoroughly discussed with the course instructor along he way for suggestions and ultimate authority. B. Motivation and stability are keys for success in the team project. Group 4 possess these qualities and does not foresee a lack of either throughout the length of the project. However, in an unforeseen circumstance where lack of motivation is identified by the team, it will be addressed immediately. The team will address the team member who Is not performing at the expected level of commitment. This will either be done In a group setting (weekly team call) or an Individual representing the team reaching out to the member after speaking with the other team members. . Address the situation with the team member (either In a group or Individual setting). 2. Determine if the team member needs additional help or other action to bring their motivation back up. 3. Based on the needs, action will be taken by the team to remedy the situation. *Note: All concerns about motivation of a team member will be thoroughly discussed with the course instructor along the way for suggestions and ultimate authority. Based on the situations that follow, the specific action will be taken to address and mitigate the situation. L. Team member falls Into one or more categories below: Non-responsive: If Group 4 Identifies a team member that has become non- responsive (unless previously notified due to travel, business, etc. ); the team will try to reach out to the member by email several times. If there is still no response after 5 days, the team will then contact the team member by phone (contact phone number for emergencies provided to team). If contact is still not made, the team will get the course instructor involved in the situation. – Disruptive: If a team member becomes disruptive to the team (continually derailing team meetings, email discussions, or deliverables), Group 4 will mom together to address the situation immediately. The individual will be address by the team in a team that the Individual’s actions are not meeting or group email. The team will state conducive to team activities and the actions need to stop Immediately. If the situation continues after an Nominal conversation or email, the course Instructor will be notified and action will be taken accordingly. – Not actively contributing: If a team member is not actively contributing, Group be address by the team in a team meeting or group email. It will be determined if the individual Just needs extra help that the team can provide r if it is another circumstance not related to the course. If the situation cannot be remedied through added help from the team, Group 4 will consult with the course instructor to determine the best course of action. Not participating in weekly conference calls: If a team member is not attending weekly conference calls on a regular basis (unless previously notified due to travel, business, etc. ); the team will reach out to the team member through email first then the emergency phone number provided to discuss the situation. If the issue is not resolved, – Produces low-quality work: If a team member is pro viding low-quality work recently, Group 4 will come together to address the situation immediately. The individual will be address by the team in a team meeting or group email. It will be determined if the individual Just needs extra help that the team can provide or some other reason. If the member does not want team help and still provides low-quality work, Group 4 will consult with the course instructor to determine the best course of action. It. If a team member decides to drop the class, Group 4 will come together to address the situation immediately. The remaining members of the team will reassign the work, so everyone in Group 4 will have a fair amount. Depending at what point a team member may drop, Group 4 will reach out to the course instructor if it will greatly impact a deliverable with an approaching deadline. Iii. If a team member has an emergency and cannot participate, Group 4 will come together to address the situation immediately. The remaining members of the team will reassign the work, so everyone in Group 4 will have a fair amount. If the team member will be able to return at some point, the team will again come together and divide the work up so each team member has a fair amount. Throughout this time, communication with the course instructor will also be in effect. How to cite Conflict Management, Essays Conflict Management Free Essays This research work will be centering on effective conflict management, its impact on employee’s performance, productivity as well as resolution, linking to the management and employees of the organizations. Conflict can be regarded as disagreement regarding interests or ideas (Esquivel and Kleiner, 1997). Managing the conflict appears when the objectives, goals or interests of the individuals or groups are frustrated or about to frustrate. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Conflict is an inevitable part of life since the goals of different stakeholders such as managers and staff are often incompatible (Jones et al 2000, Bagshaw, 1998). There are many reasons of organization’s growth and decline. Among these one reason is â€Å"conflict†. There is no single reason of conflict in the organizations, it may be several, depends upon the nature and size of the organization. Conflict can arise upon even on minor difference of opinion and could cause a disaster to the organization.Effective conflict management is having a great impact on employees and organization’s performance and productivity. Conflict resolving is totally managerial skill. For any organization to be effective and efficient in achieving its goals, the people in the organization need to be visionary what they deserve for. Beside this, having clear objectives for each group and individual is essential. Some time organizations are greatly struck by the problem known as â€Å"conflict†. It’s up to the organization to find ways of resolving these conflicts amongst people.All members of the organization need to find ways of minimizing such kind of situation. This could happen to any organization either public sector or private sector. Conflict is a fact of life as people compete for jobs, resources, power, acknowledgement and security. According to Wilson (2002), those people or organizations that are able to manage conflict strategically are those who have most success in their endeavor. Most of the organizations are of the opinion that conflict is having negative impact on the productivity and performance of the employees.They think that it is a laborious, focus reducer, cause of discomfort, hostility and consume a lot of time and money. However, when conflict is managed effectively and efficiently, it can also be very positive, productive and beneficial for both the organization and employees as well. The good thing about conflict is that it highlights problems and promotes change to the organization. Beside this, it often encourages shared solutions and can enhance the morale and team spirit of the organization’s practice when it is dealt with openly and promptly.At last, conflict can stimulate the creativity and innovation in the organization which is the limelight for the growth and survival in today’s competing era. LITERATURE REVIEW Conflict is a process that materializes when an individual or group perceives that another individual or group is frustrating, or about to frustrate, the attempts of the former to attain a goal (Thomson, 1992 Wall and Callister, 1995). Most of the studies have shown that conflict when managed properly and effectively could lead to the desired or targeted goals attainment.Its impact remains for longer time period. It’s up to the management that how they manage conflict. As one may speculate that the reasons, why managers are paid the heights remuneration in the organizations is to compensate for the supposed acceptance of conflict, a good part of the remuneration may be regarded as combat pay to work in an environment which can be constantly uncomfortable (Robbins, 1987). Bagshaw (1998) has pointed out that conflict is not necessarily a bad thing if properly managed. It can be creative force for the business and the individual.One conflict management theory developed by the Society of Professionals in Dispute Resolution, states that a healthy conflict management system is integrated; integration is a higher level of organization than interconnection; that conflict management system is a human subsystem withi n organization; that the goal of an integrated conflict management system is achieved through a typical development process that starts with assessment and inquiry, and addresses design, implementation and evaluation. In this modern era of business, conflict is a serious problem.In many cases, it wastes precious human and physical resources which could be better directed to other activities. According to survey conducted in Certified Professional Accountants (CPA) firms Singapore, practicing managers suggest that they spend more than 20 % of their time dealing with conflict or its aftermath (Thomas, in press; Thomas and Schmidt, 1976). From the above discussion, we can’t conclude that conflict is totally time wasting activity for the organization. Studies have been also shown that conflict leads to change which play the role of oxygen for the life of the organization.People in organizations conflict about vague assignments, the refusal to accept feedback, unfair distribution of work, incompatible goals, downgrading coworkers, and personalities (Berbmann and Volkema, 1989). Studies have also been shown that those organizations who are handling conflict as a tool for change and innovation ar e occupying better place with respect to competing organizations, who consider conflict as boring and laborious thing. Numbers of studies have been conducted for the measurement of effective conflict management and its impact on employees as well productivity and performance.Because conflict has potentially damaging consequences, it is important that managers are aware of how to manage it. Conflict situations that are disruptive or counter-productive will have to be resolved. 42% of a Manager’s time is spent addressing conflict in the workplace. (Watson, C ; Hoffman, R, Managers as Negotiators, Leadership Quarterly 7(1), 1996). â€Å"I have had CEOs and senior vice presidents tell me they can spend up to 70% of their time on conflict.. . † (Taylor, Robin, Workplace tiffs boosting demand for mediators. National Post Mar. 7/03). â€Å"Over 65% of performance problems result from strained relationships between employees, not from deficits in individual employee’s skill or motivation. † (Dana, Dan, [online]The Dana Measure of Financial Cost of Organizational Conflict, 2001)Up to 30% of a typical managers time is spent dealing with conflict. (Thomas, K and Schmidt, W. A survey of managerial interests with respect to conflict. Academy of Management Journal, June 1976. )A 1996 study demonstrated that 42% of a manager’s time is spent on conflict related negotiations. Watson, C and Hoffman, R, Managers as Negotiators, Leadership Quarterly 7 (1) 1996. ) Effective conflict management not only leads to the organization’s survival and growth but also play a vital role in employee’s productivity and performance. Which not only satisfy the employees but also motivate them in their respective activities. The key factors in conflict management is the way an organization perceive it, those who are consider it for the betterment of the organization are reaping the rewards and those who considering it as time and resources wastage are suffering from management myopia. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study gives essential information on the causes of conflict and its corresponding effects to the organization that will assist in the proper management of conflict. What has been presented is a general structure that describes how conflict is managed in organization. This study can be useful tool for conflict management researchers and practitioners both to understand better and predict decision modes and methods that are likely to be used by decision makers to address conflict.SCOPE OF THE STUDY In view of the time and other constraints, the report deals with different sub sectors selectively rather than comprehensively. The researcher is confident that this report will also be useful for utilizing it as a comprehensive tool for managing the conflict in the organizations. There are variety of organizations which are extremely poor in their employee’s productivity and job performance. This number has gone up as a result of poor conflict management wit hin the organizations. To boost up the employee’s productivity and job performance, conflicts should be managed at the essence of conflict management. The study will be conducted in the Pakistani organizations. The study will also be limited to the jurisdiction of Peshawar. In conclusion, the report would like to emphasize the important role of the effective conflict management in boosting the employees’ productivity and job performance. It would provide maximum policy support by improving the institutional and implementation capacity of all the departments and organizations dealing with conflict management.That in turn will require the appointment and induction of qualified professional and policy makers in the field of conflict management. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The developing countries like Pakistan depend on the growth of their Industrial sector because they help a lot in the socio economic development of that country. Industrial sector is a great source of development that plays an important role in the economic growth of a country. The role of the manager in the progress of the organization is quiet significant.But sometime the management is facing a conflict in the organization, which tests the actual ability of the managers to manage it effectively. Effective conflict management has always played positive role in the achievement of the organizational objectives and employee’s productivity and job performance. At the time of independence, the areas that constitute Pakistan were producing only food grains and agriculture raw materials. There were no industries and whatever raw materials were produced being exported. After the evolution of the industrial sector inPakistan, organizations are expanding rapidly. On the one side, organizations rapid growth has rewarded much more profit to the organization, but on the other hand it created conflicts in the organizations. In this study the researcher will examine the effective conflict management and its impact on employees’ productivity and job performance. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The under mentioned are the main objectives of the study: ? To know the impact of effective conflict management on employee’s performance. ? To know the impact of effective conflict management on employee’s productivity. To analyze the cause and effect relationship of effective conflict management and employee’s productivity and performance. ? To highlight the pros and cones of effective conflict management. ? To recommend the relevant information for managing the conflict effectively. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The under mentioned are the limitations of the study: ? Limited excess to the all relevant data. ? Time bound of six months to complete the study. ? Lack of financial resources. ? Law and order situation in the region. ? Lack of work done already on this study. ? Other constrains. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDYFor this study the most important task was to collect as much quality information about the problem as possible. Due to this reason, a number of techniques used to collect the required material and compile the report. The methodology, which was adopted for this research, is based on both the primary data as well as secondary data. While preparing report following data collection techniques have been used. a) Primary Data collection It was collected through i) Questionnaire ii) Personal observations b) Secondary Data collection i) Books ii) Internet iii) Newspaper iv) Journals v) Library i) Television Primary Data The first hand data, i. e. the data collected for the first time is called as primary data. The Sources of Primary Data †¢ Personal observations. †¢ Questionnaire For this study data was collected through questionnaire. The questionnaire contains 25 questions having both open ended and close-ended questions. It were distributed among respondents of Industrial Estate Hayatabad Peshawar. Secondary Data And the data, which is collected from other sources and already processed through mathematical and statistical techniques, are called the secondary data.The Source for Secondary Data Annual Reports †¢ Articles by different scholars. †¢ Relevant books †¢ Government documents, visiting libraries. †¢ Internet †¢ News papers †¢ Television SCHEME OF THE REPORT The scheme of the report is as following Chapter one includes statement of the problem and objectives of the study Chapter two consists of literature review. Chapter three describes the research methodology of the study. Chapter four describes data analysis. Chapter five is consists of findings, conclusion and recommendations. Chapter six includes bibliography. How to cite Conflict Management, Papers Conflict Management Free Essays Conflicts occur when people (or other parties) perceive that, as a consequence of a disagreement, there is a threat to their needs, interests or concerns. Although conflict is a normal part of organization life, providing numerous opportunities for growth through improved understanding and insight, there is a tendency to view conflict as a negative experience caused by abnormally difficult circumstances. Disputants tend to perceive limited options and finite resources available in seeking solutions, rather than multiple possibilities that may exist ‘outside the box’ in which we are problem-solving. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. CONFLICT Conflicts are natural and inevitable results when individuals work together, share diverse thoughts, concerns, perspective and goals. But what exactly is a conflict? Basically, conflict is â€Å"The clashing of opposed principles†. That’s the easiest way to say it. Some of researchers define confict as â€Å"process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party†. Generally it is a clash of values, believes, ideas or goals. There are three main types of conflict: Relationship Conflict is strictly a personal perspective and can arise when one person behaves in a negative manner or another person has skewed perception due to things like stereotypes and rumors. The relationship between people is affected negatively, and in the workplace, performance is eroded due to poor team cohesion. Value Conflict arises when two people or groups have dissenting views on moral values– that basic understanding of what is naturally right or wrong. Relationship and value conflicts are the most subjective conflict types, because they are based totally on what someone â€Å"feels† about a person or situation. Interest Conflict arises when one person’s desired outcome is in conflict with another person or group’s interests. Typically, this occurs when one person believes that another person’s desires, if enacted, will prevent his or her own interests from being met. This type of conflict can be experienced when two people who have relationship conflict are required by a team manager to work as a part of a team. 2. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT The practice of recognizing and dealing with disputes in a rational, balanced and effective way. Conflict management implemented within a business environment usually involves effective communication, problem resolving abilities and good negotiating skills to restore the focus to the company’s overall goals. 3. METHODS In the 1970s Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann identified five main styles of dealing with conflict that vary in their degrees of cooperativeness and assertiveness. They argued that people typically have a preferred conflict resolution style. However they also noted that different styles were most useful in different situations. They developed the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) which helps you to identify which style you tend towards when conflict arises. 4. TABLE 1) AVOIDANCE The avoiding style is uncooperative and unassertive. People exhibiting this style seek to avoid conflict altogether by denying that it is there. They are prone to postponing any decisions in which a conflict may arise. People using this style may say things such as, â€Å"I don’t really care if we work this out,† or â€Å"I don’t think there’s any problem. I feel fine about how things are.† Conflict avoidance may be habitual to some people because of personality traits such as the need for affiliation. While conflict avoidance may not be a significant problem if the issue at hand is trivial, it becomes a problem when individuals avoid confronting important issues because of a dislike for conflict or a perceived inability to handle the other party’s reactions. 2)COMPETING People exhibiting a competing style want to reach their goal or get their solution adopted regardless of what others say or how they feel. They are more interested in getting the outcome they want as opposed to keeping the other party happy, and they push for the deal they are interested in making. Competition may lead to poor relationships with others if one is always seeking to maximize their own outcomes at the expense of others’ well-being. This approach may be  effective if one has strong moral objections to the alternatives or if the alternatives one is opposing are unethical or harmful. People who tend towards a competitive style take a firm stand, and know what they want. They usually operate from a position of power, drawn from things like position, rank, expertise, or persuasive ability. This style can be useful when there is an emergency and a decision needs to be made fast; when the decision is unpopular; or when defending against someone who is trying to exploit the situation selfishly. However it can leave people feeling bruised, unsatisfied and resentful when used in less urgent situations. 3) Accommodating: This style indicates a willingness to meet the needs of others at the expense of the person’s own needs. The accommodator often knows when to give in to others, but can be persuaded to surrender a position even when it is not warranted. This person is not assertive but is highly cooperative. Accommodation is appropriate when the issues matter more to the other party, when peace is more valuable than winning, or when you want to be in a position to collect on this â€Å"favor† you gave. However people may not return favors, and overall this approach is unlikely to give the best outcomes. Accomodating individuals never meet their needs. 4) Collaborative: People tending towards a collaborative style try to meet the needs of all people involved. These people can be highly assertive but unlike the competitor, they cooperate effectively and acknowledge that everyone is important. This style is useful when you need to bring together a variety of viewpoints to get the best solution; when there have been previous conflicts in the group; or when the situation is too important for a simple trade-off. Requires trust and communication and is time consuming. 5) Compromising: People who prefer a compromising style try to find a solution that will at least partially satisfy everyone. Everyone is expected to give up something, and the compromiser him- or herself also expects to relinquish something. Compromise is useful when the cost of conflict is higher than the cost of losing ground, when equal strength opponents are at a standstill and when there is a deadline looming. How to cite Conflict Management, Essays Conflict management Free Essays Organizations exist to accomplish sine set goals and objectives. NAMP’s main goals is to offer support to the US navy especially in terms of maintenance to fleet and other navy equipment in various settings including combat missions. In the process of execution of its goals an organization is bound to experience conflict, for NAMP these conflicts are real considering the fact that, the organization is comprised of staff from the diverse US culture and the fact that, operations in NAMP calls for team work as opposed to individual efforts. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, conflicts emerge and how such conflicts are managed determines whether NAMP functions effectively. To ensure that, conflicts are resolved to the advantage of the organization, NAMP should use the following conflict resolution strategies. Such strategies include avoidance, accommodating, forcing, compromise as well as problem solving (win-win) strategy. Introduction Organizations exist to achieve some set goals and objective. Organizational goals and objectives guides any given organization into the achievement of the specific goals and objectives a set out in the organizational policies and procedures.   To achieve organizational objectives and goals, any given organization engages several resources such as man, money, machine, technology and raw materials and knowledge.   Whenever teams are formed, conflicts emerge. Conflicts if managed well through utilization of conflict resolution strategies can benefit the organization a lot. Unless conflicts in teams are well managed, job performance goes down, as well as employee morale and motivation. Background Information Management of an organization is responsible for ensuring that all the resources of an organization are utilized so well so as to ensure that the organization achieves its mission.   Where human beings are involved conflicts always come up.   Navy, like any other given organization, conflicts arise and when they do, there is a need for conflict resolution by applying conflict management principles such as avoidance, accommodating, forcing, compromise as well as problem solving (win-win) strategy (Valley, 2006.231-245).   Conflicts are important to an organization in that if well managed they result into the birth of new ideas.   The Navy relies on teamwork so as to execute its functions well. Where teams exist there is a need for a spirit of cooperation so as to achieve that synergetic function as teams as opposed to operating like individuals.   The Navy recruits officers from all cultural backgrounds in the US and therefore it naturally occurs that the people who end up joining teams in the Navy are comprised of diverse cultural backgrounds.   This can be a leading source of conflict in the Navy and it calls for careful management, which is non-partisan and geared towards achieving a common good for all.   NAMP is responsible for offering logistical support through aircraft maintenance. By the virtue of maintaining Navy aircraft, NAMP constitutes an integral part of naval operations and therefore any conflicts, which interrupts morale of workers in this department affects the whole Navy force (Bohrer, 2002.24-65).   The staff of NAMP is divided into 3 levels which include the organizational level also referred to as the O-Level, performs maintenance for aircraft as well as aeronautical equipment services, preventive maintenance, inspections as well as corrective maintenance (Bohrer, 2002.48-66). The other levels, which MAMP is organized around, are the intermediate level responsible for combat maintenance and support also referred to as I-Level. The other level of NAMP is the Depot level involved in overhauling obsolete fleet (Bohrer, 2002.55-68).   The fact that NAMP constitutes of officers in several levels such as O-Level, I-Level, D-Level as well as OMD officers implies that officers at NAMP have to constantly function in support to each other, subsequently conflicts are always bound to happen.   The following are some practical conflict resolution, which are applied at NAMP to ensure that conflicts do not disintegrate teams but on the contrary to make sure that conflicts are resolved to the advantage of the organization. Body Conflict resolution is only effective whereby; all efforts bear in mind the sources of conflicts in teams such as, unresolved conflicts, frustration in team members, which all reduce the effectiveness of teams (Schermerhon, Hunt, Osborn, 2005.35-79). In terms of value, it is important to align team members’ values so that they are in agreements with organizational values. This ensures that employee behavior is in conformity with organizational galls and objectives. This is important and where individual goals are in conflict with organizational goals the latter should take precedence. Collaboration and problem solving is an effective way of handling conflicts in teams. Collaboration calls for the team members to brainstorm the source of conflicts so as to come up with effective solutions to the emerging problems. Members are allowed the freedom to decide on the best solution to the problem which is task oriented (Cranny, Smith, Stone, 1992.46-66). Collaboration calls for a give and take attitude in which team members can compromise their opinions and ideas for the success of the team. Collaboration allows room for all teams to work together in harmony with resolutions to conflict being suitable and in line with team’s interests. Collaboration as a conflict resolution strategy is ideal for teams in that, it leads to the participation of all team members in the decision making process (Schermerhon, Hunt, Osborn, 2005.37-78). Avoidance is another conflict resolution strategy, which is very central and important to teams. Avoidance as a strategy is based on the belief that some conflicts arise out of petty and minor differences which are to easy to resolve as long as employees are willing to sit down and act as groups for the common benefit of the organization (Tajfeh, Turner, 1979.64-81). Avoidance as a conflict resolution strategy is based on the understanding that, human beings are different and therefore differences are inevitable. Where conflicts are solved well, teams regain and strengthen trust in each other as well as trust in the organization . Avoidance strategy therefore advocates for forgiveness in order to achieve slow healing of differences. Avoidance requires conflicting members of a team to engage in less physical contact in order to allow individual differences to heal (Spector, Fox Van Katwyk, 1999.12-32). Therefore, avoidance of the source of conflict is an effective means of strengthening interpersonal relations in teams. Authoritative command has been found to be an effective conflict resolution strategy. Authoritative command assumes that, team leaders can effectively solve the differences between employees or team members. This is an easy and faster way of resolving conflicts given the fact that, this conflict resolution strategy is the very fast and does not involve a lot of deliberations which may be time consuming. Given the fact that leaders have authority, arbitrating becomes easy hence speeding up the conflict resolution process. Unlike the collaboration approach, authoritative command does not leave room for brainstorming of issues and decisions are left to the discretion of the team leader (Tajfeh, Turner, 1979.74-81). The other common conflict resolution strategy is accommodation method. Accommodation is especially useful in resolving conflicts resulting from individual differences. It involves team members giving up the possible gains in a conflict situation to accommodate opinions of other team members (Fox, Spector, 1999.109-126). This method is useful in building effective teams based on mutual understanding. Finally, comprise is also a conflict resolution commonly used by teams to resolve conflicts. Compromise as a conflict resolution strategy calls for the team members to settle for less, for the sake of the team and the organization. In a compromise situation a team member may accept to suffer in order arrive at solutions to challenges and for the sake of the survival of the team (Cranny, Smith, Stone, 1992.47-65). Compromise is useful in situations, which threaten the very survival of an organization. Conclusion Team building takes a lot of organization resources and conflicts should not be left to bring down the team spirit. To ensure the survival of teams in organization calls for a good understanding of the nature, types, causes and resolution strategies. Whereby conflicts are resolved well, teams move from strength to strength and the organization achieves goals and objectives. Recommendations It is recommendable for NAMP to utilize; avoidance, accommodating, forcing, compromise as well as problem solving (win-win) strategy wherever challenges emerge in the process to running the day to day activities of the organization. Conflict resolution can not be well management unless managers’ are well trained. There is a need for NAMP to train its managers in skills related to conflict resolution so as to make sure that, the organization continues to offer its services uninterrupted, and to maintain high staff morale as well as prevent staff turnover which often results if conflicts are not well managed. References Bohrer, D. 2002.24-65. America’s Special Forces.   Minnesota. Zenith press. Cranny, C, Smith, P. and Stone, E.1992.46-66. Job satisfaction. New York: Lexington. Fox, S and Spector, P. 1999.102-142. A model of work frustration-aggression. Journal of organization at Behavior. 20. Spector, P., Fox, S., and Van Katwyk, P. 1999.12-32. The role of negative affectivity in employee reactions to jobs characteristics: Bias effect or substantive effect. Journal of occupational and organizational Psychology, 72. Schermerhon, S., Hunt, J., and Osborn, R. 2005.35-79. Organizational behavior. 9ed. John Wiley $ Sons Inc. Tajfeh, H., and Turner, J. 1979.64-81. An intergroup conflict in W.G.Austin S. Worchel (Eds). The social psychology of intergroup relation. Monterey, CA; Brooks/Cole. Valley, P.H. 2006.231-245. Theory and application of managerial communications. United States: McGraw-Hill / Irwin. How to cite Conflict management, Essay examples

John Keegan free essay sample

John Keegan the author of The Face of The Battle is a Senior Lecturer in War Studies at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst (the British equivalent of West Point).In the reading he uses a different style of writing which the reader becomes more a part of the book than just reading about what is happening in the book. Throughout the book he finds many ways to incorporate great details about events that happened during the three battles explored in the reading. This is what makes the reader feel more a part of the book rather than reading about the book.In the very beginning of the book he admits that he has never been in battle, nor near a battle. In those two statements is a key to this book. The Face of Battle is an effort to get a better understanding of what it is like to be in battle not just to narrate the events, but to come closer to what the soldiers really felt. We will write a custom essay sample on John Keegan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is a description of three battles: Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme.Ultimately in the book Keegan has made it in my mind difficult to follow along with his writings because he has never been in battle and experienced it for himself. Such a drastic topic such as war I believe would be easiest to believe or understand more if it is told by someone who was there and had to go through the events themselves. If the author had gone through these events and known what it was like both mentally and physically it would have been a little easier to believe and comprehend. This is the main problem that has occurred to me while reading the selection.In The Face of The Battle John Keegan analyses and compares the experience of combat in three major encounters of the last 600 years: Agincourt (1415), Waterloo (1815) and the Somme (1916). He examines how the mechanics and logistics of conflict affected the psychology of the individual soldier. Looking not just at the critical moments during combat, but also during the time before battle, and its aftermath once the battle was over.Characterizing the campaigns and planning which led up to each battle, Keegan provides background for each war. He then details from the very midst of the carnage. Keegan does, in fact, focus on a more immediate view of battle, as seen from the eyes of a common infantryman. He uses both primary and secondary sources to reconstruct a certain picture of each battle in his book. But both primary and secondary sources have problems in my opinion. As John Mundy, author of Europe in the High Middle Ages 1150-1300, in a review of The Face of Battle notes, †¦soldiers present at an engagement usually exaggerate the numbers facing them (679). You must also question his secondary historical sources. For instance, his rendition of Waterloo takes most of its information from the writing of Captain William Siborne, a British topographer who is credited with changing how the world perceived the Duke of Wellington after the Battle of Waterloo. After Siborne alleged that the Prussians had far more impact on Napoleons eventual defeat than previously believed, the Duke of Wellington lost much of his previous favor. If Keegan had wanted to make his work more believable, he should have avoided controversial sources and tried to focus more on the ideas his writings attempt to convey, circumventing any possible impact to his own efforts. However, his choice of historical material should not be used to discredit his conclusions.Keegan finds, through his study of the three chosen battles, that the main idea of warfare over the years remains unchanged. It still today is despite advances in technology and tactics, an overwhelmingly man-to-man affair between individuals in a contest of violence. Although technology has changed the character of battle, the principles of courage, fear, and leadership still dominate in war. What battles have in common, he states, is human: the behavior of men struggling to reconcile their instinct for self-preservation, their sense of honor, and the achievement of some aim over which other men are ready to kill them, (303).Despite its many consistencies, Keegan notes several trends in the character of battle. In the uncertain examination of war, he remarks that, One statement can be safely made†¦battles have been getting longer, (308). At Agincourt, the English forces took down an obviously superior French force in a matter of just a couple hours. The Battle of Waterloo Napoleon was defeated in a matter of only a couple of days, while the battle of the Somme lasted several months. Employing a creative analogy of the sport mountaineer, Keegan remarks on the exposure, technical difficulty, accident rate, and objectives dangers faced by modern soldiers as opposed to soldiers in the past.Along with the increased duration of the average battle over the years, Waterloo and the Somme, the penalty of human life has increased drastically with fatal casualty rates of 27 and 43 percent respectively, show on a small scale how technology has increased the killing power of armies in the modern day and expanded the killing zone of the typical battle. The expansion of the killing zone, due in part to artillery, mines, and chemical agents, means that, today, troops cannot just veer off into the neighboring wood, or take refuge in equally convenient woods, (315). Partially out of duty, and partially out of necessity, they cannot just remove themselves from the killing zone. Identifying trends like these, especially as they relate to the changing face of mountaineering,Keegans findings may conflict, though rightly so, with the accusation that, as technology increases the firepower of soldiers, battles are subsequently conducted through less close-range combat. Deeper examination of Waterloo, the Somme, and naturally Agincourt reveal, however, that infantry still do, even in todays warfare, engage in close-range combat. Bayonets, in the Napoleonic era, caused a large portion of the casualties in each conflict. In WWII, even as tanks began to become a large part of war armies still fought and won battles with their infantry. Despite the technological advances of warfare, close combat still dominates the battlefield.The historical critic, therefore, finds fault not so much in what Keegan included in his text, but in what he left out. However, the authors purpose was not to detail every part of each battle, but rather to expose battle for what it really was to the average soldier. In choosing the three battles he did that being battles with very little in common, Keegan exposed how similar battles can be when seen through the eyes of the soldiers. The fight for life and victory, we find, is the same in the fifteenth as in the nineteenth century.The Face of Battle was very well written but in my opinion, was just very hard to believe some of the things which Keegan was saying because he wasnt there himself and was just trying to gather stories from various different sources including his prim ary and secondary sources which I believe both had some flaws in the way they were used to support his writing. Writing from the point of view of the infantry men was very smart to me. This was the closest the author was going to get without being there himself to making the reader feel like they were right in the action themselves and not just reading about all of these events happening. This was the only way you could make me truly picture what it was like.

Spellbound By Christopher Pike Essays - Cunningham Family

Spellbound By Christopher Pike The book I read was Spellbound by Christopher Pike. In this book, a teenage girl named Karen Holly, was killed at the top of a nearby mountain with her skull smashed in. The only witness to this horrible murder was her boyfriend Jason Whitfield who said that a grizzly bear killed her and scratched him across the face when he tried to stop the bear by hitting it with a stick. He later goes to the police with his story and tells them where to find her corpse. When the police get to the top of the mountain they do not find her body where Jason said that it would be, but instead discovered the corpse in a nearby stream. After a few weeks people start to think that Jason is hiding something about that terrible night, some people even think that Jason himself killed her. These conspiracies are fuel by many things such as the fact that there was flesh found underneath Karen's fingernails or that Jason now has a new girlfriend named Cindy Jones. The town decides to have a trial because of all of the conspiracies so that they can set the record straight on what happen that night. A couple days before the trial Jason, Cindy, Cindy's brother Alex, Alex's date Joni Harper, Cindy's best friend Pam Alta, and a foreign exchange student who is staying with Pam named Bala decide to go to the top of the mountain. Jason wants to do this because he says he wants to face his fear of the mountain that he got after the night Karen was killed. At the top mountain, Jason says he wants to show them a secret cave. After walking for about ten minutes they have to go over a log to cross the stream. While walking on the log Cindy falls off and into the stream. Alex and Jason run to try to save Cindy but suddenly Bala dives off a high cliff into the water, grabs Cindy and pulls her to safety. The next day at school, Alex and his best friend named Ray get in a fight because Alex finds out that Ray is going out on a date that night with Joni Harper. That is the last time Alex ever see's Ray alive because that night after Ray's date with Joni he is killed the same way that Karen was. This happened only a day before Jason's trial. As the plot thickens, Jason asked Cindy to appear at the trial in his defense. The morning of the trial a reporter from the local newspaper who thinks that Jason killed Karen comes to Cindy's house and talks her into thinking that Jason is hiding something. Two hours before the trial Cindy decides to go up the mountain to see what she can find. When she gets to the place where she fell, she finds that there was oil on the log which caused her to fall. She concludes that Jason did this so that he could save her to clear his name by making people think he is a hero for saving Cindy. The main characters in this book where Jason Whitfield, who is the only witness to the murder of Karen Holly, and Cindy Jones, the new girlfriend of Jason Whitfield. Other main characters are Bala, who is a foreign exchange student for Africa and Joni Harper, who turns out to be the one who kills Karen and Ray. Some secondary characters are Alex Jones, Pam Alta, and Karen Holly. The setting takes place in a small town in the Rocky Mountains at present day time. My favorite part of the book is when Cindy goes up into the mountains and discovers that Jason had put oil on the log to make her fall. This was my favorite part of the book because Cindy had just discovered that Jason may have killed Karen after all. The scariest part of the book was when Bala was in the hospital because Bala was very strong and smart and it would take a lot to hurt him, but something had. My opinion of the book was that it was great. I would recommend it

Free Essays on Three Aspects On Blakes The Lamb

and in pictures Blake, inspired by songs for children, is mostly known for his two early collections, The Songs of Innocence and The Songs of Experience. Being also a talented painter he printed his poems as graphical sheets with his own engravings. Blake stood for his ideas all his life. He supported and the French and American revolutions what he also expressed in the poetical works The French Revolution and America. Blake’s works are deeply influenced by Shakespeare, Milton and the Bible. He created his own mysticism which changed all through his life and is therefore difficult to understand. His own view of Christianity is reflected in The Songs. In this essay I will try to look at one of his poems, The Lamb which a consider to be of great significance from different aspects: firstly I will try to place it in the context of innocence based on the collection of songs, then try to explore the religious hints in the poem and finally, since the poems in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience come in pairs, I cannot avoid bringing the two poems in comparison. THE LAMB AND INNOCENCE Anyone who will not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will never ... Free Essays on Three Aspects On Blake's The Lamb Free Essays on Three Aspects On Blake's The Lamb THREE ASPECTS ON BLAKE’S THE LAMB INTRODUCTION The literature at the beginning of the 19th century, reacted to the Enlightenment which emphasized reason and practical use in human abilities. The poets of the preromantic age, in reaction to the reasoning turned again to nature, senses and sentiments. These ideas preceded and supported the French revolution which was so enthusiastically accepted by many English writers. One of the most outstanding English poets of this epoch was William Blake (1757 – 1827), who painted his visions both in words and in pictures Blake, inspired by songs for children, is mostly known for his two early collections, The Songs of Innocence and The Songs of Experience. Being also a talented painter he printed his poems as graphical sheets with his own engravings. Blake stood for his ideas all his life. He supported and the French and American revolutions what he also expressed in the poetical works The French Revolution and America. Blake’s works are deeply influenced by Shakespeare, Milton and the Bible. He created his own mysticism which changed all through his life and is therefore difficult to understand. His own view of Christianity is reflected in The Songs. In this essay I will try to look at one of his poems, The Lamb which a consider to be of great significance from different aspects: firstly I will try to place it in the context of innocence based on the collection of songs, then try to explore the religious hints in the poem and finally, since the poems in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience come in pairs, I cannot avoid bringing the two poems in comparison. THE LAMB AND INNOCENCE Anyone who will not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will never ...

Cassius Clay aka Muhammad Ali

I think that idol is a man who did wonderful things and I respect him. Some of what I think is wonderful is to achieve seemingly impossible goals, stick to your rights, and do something extraordinary. Muhammad Ali thinks that I am important others as I admire him and try to have the same conviction he has. Initially Cassius Clay did not have the meaning of boxing. After his bicycle was stolen, in October 1954 his life changed when he was 12 years old. This is a transient moment of history, good for culture and harmful for others. As described in the fourth quarter and the seventh quarter, suitcase, Don Draper's anti-clay (also known as Casius Clay, Muhammad Ali) is growling. Gender discrimination, homosexual aversion, racial discrimination are just a few of the reasons I can not engage. Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali was born in Cassius Marcellus Clay and was born on January 17, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. He was named after the White Kentucky abolitionist Cassius M. Clay and was named Marcelus to his father. Ali's father, Mercerous Clay, is a mural painter who has worked a lot in many churches in the area, his mother Odessa (Grayy) Clay is housework. - Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., Muhammad Ali was born when Muhammad Ali got a reputation for his goal and belief on January 17, 1942. After an excellent boxing career including three world heavyweight boxing tournaments, Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Muhammad Ali and his floating like a butterfly and stinging like a bee struggled to dominate the world of heavyweight boxing for 10 and a half years. Cassius Clay is known as Muhammad Ali. Muhammad Ali is one of the world's greatest boxers and one of the most famous boxers ever. I dance like a butterfly and dance like a bee. This is a phrase that Muhammad Ali lives in the ring and when people danced he really touched him. Muhammad is also one of the most experienced boxers ever. That's why Cassius Clay made Muhammad Ali the best boxer ever. Muhammad Ali Cass ius Marcellus Clay Jr., later became known as Muhammad Ali, is a black boxer and is proud of it. Many African Americans are ashamed of their color, but Ant is different. He was the first boxer to win the heavyweight championship at another time. He has a very good personality and is loved by people. Throughout his life he made a big decision that completely changed his way of life. - Muhammad Ali 1 Muhammad Ali is not only one of the most outstanding warriors in boxing history, but also one of the most knowledgeable people of the 20th century, so the most recognized face on Earth I am alone.

Criminal Justice Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice Research - Essay Example Internal validity is used initially in the crime investigation research process. The decision to support the valid facts by any variable inclusion or exclusion is termed as internal validity while its implementation is the external validity. In other words external validity refers to those results which have very strong results of internally valid tests. (Farrington et al, 2002, p. 13) On the other hand reliability is all those measures which are utilized to achieve and repeat the same set of results acquired in validity. Reliability guarantees and confirms the valid tests to be used ever again in criminal data analysis and findings. Example: Taking all the security measures to prevent women trafficking among rural and urban population may or may not generalize the problem because of the reason that the two populations are clearly different. Therefore the thing that concerns is that women trafficking crime measures in both the populations reacts differently. This can be achieved by testing those measures differently. In case a preventive measure is set in both the populations, its validity would be determined once according to their populations. Afterwards its reliability could be measured each time the standard results meet the acquired 'validity'. The main difference between a valid measure and relia

Capital Punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capital Punishment - Research Paper Example Although the United States remains the only western country imposing the death penalty, the issue is subject to much public debate. Much of the debates surrounding capital punishment entail moral and ethical issues in the society as well as in the lives of individuals. This is because capital punishment involves a state-authorized termination to an individual’s life (Grover, 2011). The perceptions of many people opposed to capital punishment rests on the value of life, and the wrongness in executing murder. These arguments take different forms including the deficiency of revenge as a motivation, the unreliability of the criminal justice system, an alleged racial prejudice in executions, a supposed lack of statistically confirmable deterrence, extreme governmental power, the likelihood of executing a blameless person, and among some Christians, the dissolution of Christian love (Charles, 1994). Discussion For the proponents of death penalty, the main reason for advocating for capital punishment is that it deters prospective criminals. In this case, capital punishment advocates have a belief that when people in the society realize that if they commit murder they will face the same, then most people will avoid committing murder. Conversely, the reality is that there is no reduction in murder cases due to imposing capital punishment. This brings out the difference between perception and reality. It is true, there is a perception that imposing capital punishment will deter prospective murders but on the other hand, the reality is that there is no much deterrence in that there is no real reduction of murders after executing murderers (Grover, 2011). The opponents of capital punishment deem that by imposing capital punishment, it is possible to execute blameless people, without giving adequate time for investigation. Moreover, these opponents assert that there exists error in the criminal j ustice system that may render killing of innocent people due to various reasons. Conversely, justice asserts that someone has to suffer the consequences of the murder committed. This implies that the issue of executing an innocent person does not override the issue of justice. In addition, the perception of the criminal justice system making errors is not realistic and opponents should not solely base their arguments in this. This is because it is always possible that any legal system will have errors and that there could not be any perfect legal system (Charles, 1994). The main major reason of supporting capital system rests of the moral responsibility of the society to safeguard the safety and interests of its citizens. The assertion in this case is that those people who murder other people deprive the society of this safety and people interests. This assertion extends to the perception that the only way for the society to ensure safety of its citizens is through imposing capital punishment on murderers, which ensures that these killers do not kill again. In addition, this assertion claims that death penalty is very beneficial in the society since it deters future and more aggressive violent crime. Although there is no direct proof to support this assertion, the perception and outlook of the issue deem that when people realize that they will face murder after executing a particular crime, they will most likely restrain from committing such an act (Andre & Velasquez, 2010). Many of the

The Tempest - William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

The Tempest William Shakespeare Essay Although William Shakespeare’s The Tempest is often categorized as his late romance, its plots reflect the major social movement of that time—the Europeans settling in the New World. As the Europeans eagerly set out to find the New World, they left behind hopeful citizens pondering over what they would find. In The Tempest, through the characters, we can infer that the Europeans’ intentions ranged from creating the perfect government to interacting with the inhabitants. They discovered that their idea of the perfect government in which everyone is equal failed to exist. Nonetheless, they were correct in their anticipation that the New World would already be settled—by savage ‘Native Americans’. They eventually integrated the Native Americans into their society as slaves. In their journey to the New World, the Europeans failed to establish an ideal government, yet succeeded in incorporating the natives into their own society. One of the Europeans’ expectations of the New World was a perfect government in which everyone would be equal. In The Tempest, Shakespeare’s character Gonzalo describes it as a government where there would be â€Å"no occupation; all men idle, all;/And women too, but innocent and pure;/No sovereignty. † (II. 1, ll. 154-156) Even as his comrades ridiculed him, he is steadfast in his belief, and simply labels them as â€Å"gentlemen of brave mettle. † (II. 1, l. 181). This would seem like the ideal government, and would work in theory. In European society in the early seventeenth century, much emphasis was placed on class. The lower class faced many restrictions, and many citizens were infuriated with the class system. To the lower class, the hope of a perfect government in which everyone was equal was ideal. Another one of their hopes was that the natives, although barbaric, would be of great use to them when they first settled. They hoped to incorporate the Native Americans into their own society. In The Tempest, Caliban, the original native of the island, originally greeted Prospero with respect: â€Å"When thou cam’st first,/Thou strok’st me and made much of me†¦then I loved thee/And showed thee all the qualities o’ th’ isle,/The fresh springs, brine pits, barren place and fertile. (I. 2, ll. 333-338) When Prospero first came to the island, Caliban went through the trouble of finding him the best food and water sources. Because of Caliban’s kindness, this shows that the Europeans believed that the Native Americans would be easy to manipulate, and thus, easy to control. They hoped to be in command of the Native Americans so that the task of controlling North America would be easier. To gradually incorporate the natives into their own society as slaves was one of the hopes of the Europeans. However, their hopes and predetermined ideas were found to be inaccurate. The reality was that the utopian government that the Europeans dreamed about did not exist. In fact, Gonzalo’s government was impractical. There would always be conflict, and if everyone was equal, they would feel equally poor. This would call for a sovereign, which would defeat the purpose of everyone being equal. Hierarchy will always exist simply because it is human nature to strive for the best. For example, in The New World, this was reflected in the colony of Jamestown. There was always a captain in charge. A chain of order was important in order to prevent chaos in times of distress. Conversely, one of their expectations became a reality. They believed that the natives would be savages. The Europeans looked down upon the Native Americans because they appeared in many ways to be subhuman. This was due to non-Christianity, a primitive dress style, and a sense of filth: â€Å"Their hair is usually black, but few have any beards. The men wear half their heads shaven, the other half long†¦some are of disposition fearful, some bold, most wary. All Savage†¦For their apparel, they are some time covered with the skins of wild [beasts]†¦There is yet in Virginia no place discovered to be so Savage in which Savages have not a religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Europeans viewed the Native Americans as inferior beings. At first, the Native Americans were inclined to incorporate the Europeans as an intermediary: â€Å"Americans sought to incorporate the newcomers into their universe. (Kupperman 175) They also concluded that the Europeans would be of great use to trade with. As time progressed, both the Native Americans and the Europeans strived to merge the other into their own hierarchy. (Kupperman 174) However, this attempt at incorporating the other soon proved to be futile. In The Tempest, Caliban is always plotting to overthrow Prospero (conversation with Trinculo and Stephano). This is paralleled in the Europeans’ constant, underlying worry that the natives would revolt against them: â€Å"Both the Roanoke and Jamestown olonists reported that conspiracies against them were planned. † (Kupperman 175) The Native Americans knew their territory, and gradually developed tactics to fend off attackers. The Native Americans were highly skilled warriors, yet lacked the technology that the Europeans had. (Barbour) In addition, the Europeans had resistance to disease that overwhelmed the Native Americans. Eventually, the Europeans managed to seize power in their settlements, and incorporated the Native Americans into their civilization as slaves. Although the Europeans failed to establish a utopian government, their efforts to merge the Native Americans into their society were successful. Their ideal failed to exist simply because of human nature. Nonetheless, they integrated the Native Americans into their society as slaves. Albeit unconventional, the expectations of the Europeans were portrayed to some degree. Through The Tempest, the Europeans’ hope of establishing an model government did not become a reality, yet they managed to incorporate the natives.

W and R toilet makes are thinking of expanding by becoming PRIVATE :: Business and Management Studies

W and R toilet makes are thinking of expanding by becoming PRIVATE LIMITED CO (LTD) evaluate this decision. I think that W and R should become a PLC because there are a lot of advantages to them there must be at least two shareholders and there MUST be at least one director while this is good that their only has to at least two people shares cannot just be transferred freely, their must be some kind of agreement with the other shareholders so if you have the majority rule it wont work her as everyone must agree. They are easy to set up they mainly have the flexibility of a sole trader and a partnership but without the risks of unlimited liability. Small private companies if successful can raise capital more easily the liability makes people want to invest in the company more and its easier for it to borrow money as sole traders and partnerships often find this very hard. One of the key advantages is that the business will not come seize if one of the partners (owners) decide to pull out as the owners can choose who they want to sell their products to (shareholders). But there are a few disadvantages but compared to a sole partnership or trader much less, people might be unwilling to buy shares, there is more control over how the business is run and it can sometimes be very hard for shareholders to get their money back when they want but its much less risky. Ed wood ltd needs to raise a very large amount of capital to build a new factory. It is thinking of becoming a PLC. Analyze this decision. Public companies must start out with at least 50,000 pounds there must be at least 7 shareholders but only 2 are needed to sign a Memorandum of Association and shares are sold to the public. Anyone can come and inspect the shares, but at the same time shareholders who want their money back can simply just sell their shares back to the stock market. This makes people more willing to invest, large amounts of capital can be gathered from just one organization large companies can be formed but there is also a lot of competition. Nevertheless you are also able to benefit from other companies from and from their economies of sale. Banks are also willing to give loans to companies who have a large share capital. Shareholders might not have very much power of have very little influence and public companies are controlled by the law but in a public company you can check up on your stock and the

Benefit Type

I would have to say that at the Health Home Program there are many benefit types and services available to the clients who receive treatment there, it is a residential treatment facility that provides individual and group counseling to drug addicted mothers or soon to be mothers. One of the main goals of the program is to ensure that women deliver drug free babies.The program is funded through many government grants to keep children with their mothers who are suffering from substance abuse, children are placed with their mothers once they are enrolled for treatment. Drug addiction is a major social problem with many dire consequences that follow, the home program works closely with DHS (department of homeless services) to ensure that the women receiving services are able to become caring and nurchuring parents to their children.The intensive treatment phase is completed while the women is a resident in the program, this is the time that she will detox off of the drugs and begin her r ecovery. I have learned that during residential treatment the women will be learning parenting basics, receiving mental health evaluations, going to dental and medical appointments, receive family counseling, and receive any other types of services that they specifically need.The services provided defiantly address the social problem of drug addiction and the affects that it can have on a family, the home program manages to nurture the bond between mother and child while repairing the damage that the addiction has caused. Some other services provided include: out-patient treatment, GED assistance, daycare, transitional housing after successful completion of the residential phase of treatment.Any woman who has a unique medical or emotional problems will receive special accommodations to ensure that she is comfortable and safe. I would have to say that at the Detox is offered at the program thus allowing the woman to â€Å"come down† off their drug of choice while their child i s being cared for by program staff. The benefits of this program are less children born addicted to drugs the better chance they have to be less addicted to drugs or live with the reaction of moms on drugs.

Recruitment

Focus and cite strategic manpower planning, recruitment and selection activities. Report and quote on these processes and how they help the company achieve its strategic goals Job analysis and Designing Coca cola companys HR Department check its own Job description and Job analysis in which they get the information about the employees work activities, human behavior, performance standard, Job context and human requirements and also other information related to this conduct.HR Department of Coca Cola used this information also for recruiting, selection, compensation, performance appraisal, training, and employee's relationship Planning and Forecasting Coca Cola HR Department involves in the company strategic planning and they also make sufficient planning for hiring new employees needs in the organization. HR forecast the needs for employees on the change in technology and increases in productivity.After planning the HR Department sends report to the head office for approval and if th ey get approval from the head office then HR will start the ecruitment process, The Recruitment Process HR Department posts their vacancy in news paper, institutions and company websites. The applicant can search for Jobs on the current Jobs tab from the homepage of their website and if the applicant already decided on what position to apply him/her will Just need to click â€Å"Apply Online† button and then follow the instruction provided.But in order to apply the applicant must first create a profile so that he/she can see the updates of his/her application. The company does internal nd external Recruitment. The Selection Process The selection process of Coca Cola HR Department will vary depending on the position that the candidates are applying for. Below are the tools used mostly by the HR department and in most cases they used the combination of any of the following tools; Interview- The interview is designed to reveal more about you and your experiences.Interviewer will ask for examples of how you behaved in different situations, maybe at school, home or in your previous Jobs Group Exercises- Coca cola s very much into teams so this exercise will show how the candidates effectively work with people. It is the good opportunity for the HR to see how the candidates communicate, influence and involve other people in work place.Presentations- Coca Cola used presentation as a tool in selection process to show the ability of the candidate on how he/she communicates to a group of people on a specific topic. The candidate may be given a topic in advance or on the day of the presentation. Psychometrics Test- the coca cola company also gives a psychometric test. Psychometric test are timed exercises that examine the candidates abilities and potential.HR uses the personality assessment tool that is designed to find out more specific things about you. Role plays/situational exercises- this tool is designed to assess how the candidates react in certain situatio ns, this will help to highlight the candidate may be given facts and fgures to review or a report to complete; hr may also have an assessor acting as a customer or employee to simulate a situation that could occur in the workplace.

How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Essay Example

How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Essay Example How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Paper How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Paper Essay Topic: Literature Life in Victorian times was often hard. There were rich people and also lots of poor people at that time. Charles Dickens wrote this book to make people aware of the plight of the children of the Poor. A Christmas Carol is a novella that describes a character called Ebenezer Scrooge who was a greedy old man who was tight-fisted, miserly, squeezing, wrenching and scraping. He was a man who had a hard heart as the shell of a cloyster. Scrooge was an emotionally cold man who had no passion for anybody. Due to all his sinful acts, the ghost of his long gone partner and friend Joseph Marley visited him and told him he would be visited by three ghosts, Ghost of his Christmas Past, Present and Future if he did not change. After he had been visited by all these ghosts the transformation in his life began and he finally became a jovial, cheerful hearted person. At the beginning of the novella, Scrooges character was unbearable and was also awful to people. Scrooge never liked Christmas or Charity. Caring for the poor of the sick were not his best behavior. He didnt even care and show love to his workers especially Bob Crachit his clerk. He showed his hatred to Bob Crachit by not giving him coal to replenish his fire even though Bob did not have enough. He always kept an eye on the clerk to see if he was working or not. Scrooge also showed a bad attitude to his nephew who came to him and asked him if he would come and dine with them on Christmas day. Scrooge refused and called Christmas Humbug he also said to his nephew . What right have you to be merry? Youre poor enough. But the nephew behaved in a more reasonable way by not replying in a violent manner. Scrooge also behaved greedily by not giving money to the gentlemen who came for money to the poor. But not only did scrooge behaved greedily but he also used abusive words saying . If they would rather die, they better do it, and decrease the surplus population.. . On Christmas Eve Scrooge was visited by the ghost of his long gone friend/partner Jacob Marley. Scrooge was scared seeing Jacob Marley and he was shocked at the tone at the way Marley spoke. Marley knew that Scrooge didnt believed in him so he went straight to the point about why he had come. He told Scrooge that he should change his ways. He should start liking Christmas and he should give to charity and his behavior should improve. Marley also warned him that if he does not change his ways he would be working all over the earth like he was, that he wouldnt move on after death. He also told Scrooge that he would be visited by three ghosts, Ghost of Christmas Past, ghost of Christmas present and ghost of Christmas Future ( If he does not change). Jacob Marley also told Scrooge to change for the better so that he would have real when he dies. Scrooge thought on what Marley said when Marley went and he was quite prepared for the first ghost. At the struck of One oclock. Scrooge woke up and from the curtains came a brighten shine light. And lo and Behold there was a soft gentle voice which called Scrooge and took him to the town where he studied in school as a boy. As a boy Scrooge was lonely and was often in the boarding school even when his friends went home for holidays. This was due to the hatred of his father towards him Scrooge often red fantasy storybooks like Ali Baba to comfort himself. Scrooge felt very sad for his younger self. The ghost asked him what was wrong but Scrooge answered oh nothing, there was a boy singing a Christmas Carol at my door last night, I should like to have given him something thats all. The ghost smiled. The ghost later showed him the Feeziwigs party where scrooge learnt that it wasnt wealth that matters it is the state of your heart. After Scrooge observed the way the Feeziwigs treated there workers Scrooge wished he could say a word or two to his clerk Bob Crachit. A;; this things the ghost were showing him were for him to see how his past was and what made him a selfish, greedy man that he was. The ghost then showed him his fianci e Belle who he neglected in favour of the wealth. Scrooge sees Belles happy family and realizes what he had missed. He shows this saying The children of Belle might had called me father He showed grieve saying Remove me from this place Remove me! Take me back, Haunt me no longer! . The ghost saw that he felt bad and he wished he had longer. People speak of Scrooge in bad way, Example of one these people is Mrs. Crachit who was very angry when her husband said a toast should be given to Scrooge. She shows this by saying I wish I had him here. Id give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and I hope hed have a good appetite for it. When Scrooge heard this he felt morose and remorse, sad. He felt as if he had been a good man from the start of his life. Also from the beginning of the chapter we saw that the transformation in Scrooges life as started picking up speed because he said to the ghost of the Christmas Present I want to learn something from what you would show me. After that the ghost showed him all around to the countryside where he saw people that are not all that wealthy but celebrate Christmas. Scrooge learnt from them. The ghost led Scrooge to his nephew Fred to go and show him how Christmas is celebrated there. In Freds house Fred and is friends, cousins played a guessing game where people had to guess who Fred was thinking about. It was Freds turn and he said someone was an animal who was he. Everybody guessed who it was but they failed until Freds cousin said Scrooge and she was right. But Fred gave a toast to Scrooge without feeling bad. Scrooge feeling bad as well. At the Crachits house Scrooge looked at tiny Time and he asked the ghost maybe he would live. But unfortunately the ghost said if Scrooge doesnt change the boy would die. The ghost also used Scrooges words against him .. What then? If he like to die, he had better do it and decrease the surplus population.. Scrooge was overcome with grief and penitence because his own words had been used against him. After the visit of the last scary ghost (Phantom) Scrooge met himself inside is bedroom his curtains, furniture and his bed were still there. He remembered the promise he had made to the phantom saying I will live in the Past, The Present and the Future The spirits of all three shall strive within me . He truly wanted to keep his promise. On Christmas morning Scrooge started enjoying Christmas and he sent a whole large Turkey to the Crachits family. He also told the two men in the beginning of the novella that he would also contribute to Charity. From this part the language Scrooge uses were jovial, light-hearted, cheerful, good honored language. Scrooge became a jovial and happy man. He greeted everyone he found one the way Merry Christmas. He had become a totally changed man. We know this due to the language he uses in the beginning of the novella which were miserable, pathetic and were not joyful. He normally uses words like Bah, Humbug which means rubbish. He also used an awful language against the men that came to him for the money for Charity, Scrooge never liked anything good but again he never uses his money to enjoy himself. Scrooge had changed in all circumstances. He liked Christmas. He never despises the poor again and he gives to Charity. He enjoyed working with Bob Crachit again he doubled Bobs salary so that he could feed his starving family much better. He also saw that Tiny Tim does not die and he became more like a father to him. In the whole novella Charles Dickens showed how a greedy old man changes through all the sights and experiences he has learnt to became a joyful and happy man. Charles Dickens also made us know that behavior like Scrooges would get one nowhere in life. It also makes us know or learn that one should be responsible for each other.

Self assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self assessment - Essay Example As a child I observed numerous events in which a heated discussion boiled down to the ethnicity of the contenders. I was disappointed when I witnessed such incidents since I always had friends belonging to differing ethnicities and cultures. Perhaps the most significant of relationships that I have ever had are those that I have had with my friends. I have always had a tendency to feel comfortable with people regardless of their ethic and cultural backgrounds. As a result, my circle of friends has almost always constituted individuals hailing from a variety of cultures and ethnicities. As a result of my interaction with people belonging to varying cultures and ethnicities at a multiple age, I have learnt to adjust to differing ethnic backgrounds. Another example of this can be found in my personal relationships. I have never restricted myself to any particular race or ethnicity and I have never chosen to judge a person. However, I realize that this approach is my individual approach and others may not be as liberal towards their orientation of different ethnicities as I am. It would not be incorrect to state that this will be most prominent when I acquire a professional position and interact with people .belonging to varying ethnicities on a daily basis. The most meaningful relationships I have had in terms of the multi-cultural context are those that I have had with my teachers. My teachers, regardless of their and my ethnic background, have always chosen to treat me with respect and judge me only on the basis of my academic merit. My teachers never treated me any different than the way they treated my fellow classmates. I was always given a fair chance to participate in the social picture and this fairness always encouraged me to give every opportunity my most sincere commitment. I realize that it will not be easy for me to communicate effectively with the customers I interface with. While the difference in culture will not serve as a barrier

Critically analyse how changes in the role of information systems have Essay

Critically analyse how changes in the role of information systems have determined their use in the evolving competitive landscape of many industries - Essay Example The very first word that springs to our mind when we discuss Mp3 technology is "copyright". Inefficient copyright mechanisms can make or break the Music Industry as apparent from the yesteryears hype created by the Music Industry suing for piracy of their music through Mp3 versions of their copyrighted material. The digital age seems to have compromised the concept of copyright material and has had negative outcomes for the publishing, music and the computer industries. An important example of this is the peer-to-peer file sharing system of copyrighted music. The Napster and Grokster cases are a good illustration of the legal response of the industries .The copyright industries themselves have responded with new business strategies by providing legal download services.1The internet has been famously defined as a network of networks, and the denser these networks become; the more complicated it becomes to prevent the bane of copyright infringement and other intellectual property viola tions from occurring. 2Even though the courts have been willing to intervene where there has been an infringement of copyright, the practical difficulties of managing copyright violations arise whenever the "sheer scale" and "speed" of the internet causes high speed reproduction of the material to be achieved without actually being detected.Therefore my strategic analysis of the Mp3 technology involves the stress on DRM technologies to prevent heavy losses to the industry.Further discussion entails the emergence of Ecosystems with in this industry bringing about a collusion of the Singers,Record Labels and online Information service providers as well as the role played by governmental and legal agencies to protect the financial interests of the industry as illegal downloading and burning continue to compromise the industry's ability to invest in the new music talent of tomorrow. When assessing the purchasing trends of any industry it is pertinent to note that the buyers will display certain types of buying behaviors. The aim of assessing the competitive landscape of the Music industry it would be worth employing a Marketing Mix (MM) strategy to tap into the preferences of the consumer base(Laudon,and Laudon 2008).The diagram below shows five dimensions of the customer buying behaviour. Figure: THE FIVE KEY DIMENSIONS OF BUYING BEHAVIOUR (Jobber, 1998) The answer to these questions can be given through direct contact with consumers (in a retail environment) and increasingly by using marketing research for the Music Industry.However there are other issues at stake.The use of information systems for the sale purchase and management of the Music industry has harmed it more than benefitting it.No doubt the online music stores are a testimony to the blessings of the cost efficient era of E commerce and allow Ecosystems to develop in the cyber world thereby integrating the industry to bring about cheaper goods and services. (Laudon,and Laudon 2008).The era of digitalization for this industry began very positively as the dot.com bubble encouraged many small and large businesses to open online stores.Significant record labels also clamored to advertise their merchandise and labels online.The scale and magnitude of advertisement potential available online brought about a temporary boom in the Online Music industry while bringing fringe bene fits for the offline record labels but the entry of Kazaa, Grokster, EDonkey, and Bit-Torrent and their